1. The forecast is by 2022 there will be more obese than malnourished population. By 2025 obesity related NASH/NAFLD will be the commonest indication of the liver transplantation.

2. Pharmaceutical Companies predicted ~36 billion USD annual anti obese drug market.
But have you heard of it’s powerful cousin that’s been proven to blast fat out of your fat cells?


Scientists at Harvard Medical School have recently discovered a new form of Omega Fatty Acid that’s called Omega-7.
What’s so special about this particular omega-7?
Well, for starters the researchers think it could potentially end obesity in America.
That’s because it powerfully attacks the excess fat that is stored in your fat cells. Doing this would normally require prescription drugs like statins. But Omega-7 can safely do all this at a fraction of the cost and with no side effects.
Omega-7 also reduces risk of type II diabetes, lowers cholesterol, and even shrinks inflammation is associated with an increased risk for heart attack and stroke.
But the Harvard Scientists gave a warning about Omega 7 - not all Omega 7 is created equal.
And only those who know which form of it is best will see any fat loss results.
This presentation linked below reveals exactly what type of Omega 7 you’ll need for fat loss and where to get it.
Harvard Scientists think they have discovered the “cure” for obesity.

3. Among all Obese around 50% are in the some stage of depression and more than 80% of them are on psychiatric drugs.



(Staturatory Warning)
For detail, please see below link and ingnore the commercial ad in the link. The purpose of the Trust is to aware the public at large and not to promote any particular book/books or drugs related company a producing with anti obese drugs.
(https://destroydepression.com/?hop=klsthw)

For Details: http://www.azquotes.com/quote/907566

A "TSUNAMI of obesity" is unfurling across the world, resulting in a near-doubling of the numbers of dangerously overweight adults since 1980, doctors warned today. More than half a billion men and women - nearly one in nine of all adults - are clinically obese, according to research by a team from Imperial College London, Harvard and the World Health Organisation (WHO).
They ranked Australia near the top of the pile of increasingly obese wealthy nations, coming in third for the fattest women behind the US and New Zealand, and third also for men behind the US and Britain.
In 2008, the latest year for which statistics were available, nearly one woman in seven and one man in 10 were obese, it found.
Being too fat causes three million premature deaths each year from heart disease, diabetes, cancers and other disorders, according to the WHO.
The researchers described the tableau as "a population emergency".
"(It) will cost tens of millions of preventable deaths unless rapid and widespread actions are taken by governments and health-care systems worldwide," said the report, published by The Lancet.
The problem has been most prevalent and rising the fastest in rich nations, but many developing countries, especially in the Middle East and in rapidly urbanising areas, are catching up.
"These results suggest that overweight affects one-in-three adults and obesity affects one-in-nine adults - a tsunami of obesity that will eventually affect all regions of the world," Sonia Anand and Salim Yusuf of Canada's McMaster University wrote in a commentary accompanying the study.
Global obesity rates more than doubled for men, from 4.8 per cent of male adults in 1980 to 9.8 per cent in 2008. For women, the corresponding jump was from 7.9 to 13.8 per cent.
The standard for assessing weight is the body mass index (BMI), in which one's weight in kilos is divided by the square of one's height in centimetres.
A BMI of 25 to 30 corresponds to being overweight, while above 30 is obese.
Pacific islanders weighed in with the highest BMI levels, between 34 and 35, and notched up among the sharpest increases during the past three decades as well.
In Europe, women in Russia and Moldova were at the upper end of the scale with BMIs of 27.2 and 27.1, while the heftiest men on the continent resided in the Czech Republic and Ireland.
At the other end of the spectrum, Swiss women were the most svelte, with their French and Italian counterparts vying for second place.
Italy holds the distinction of being the only country in Europe where women's average BMI declined, dropping from 25.2 to 24.8.
The study also reported changes in blood pressure and cholesterol levels across nations.
Western European countries - especially Iceland, Andorra and Germany - have among the highest cholesterol levels in the world, while African nations have the lowest.
Systolic blood pressure - the maximum pressure exerted by the heart - is highest in the Baltic, and in East and West Africa. The same levels were common in wealthy nations a generation ago, but have dropped dramatically since then, the study showed.
High-income countries have also seen a drop in cardiovascular diseases since 1980, despite high levels of obesity.
The United States in particular saw reductions in high blood pressure and cholesterol levels as well as a slowdown in tobacco use, according to the study.
This suggests that lifestyle choices - including limiting consumption of animal products and sodium, and increasing physical activity - can play a key role in slashing heart disease.
Although commonly considered a "Western" problem, obesity is also growing in unexpected regions such as the Middle East, where the average weight levels in several populations fall just shy of the benchmark for obesity.
A study by the Australian Bureau of Statistics found that 11.1 million - 64 per cent - of the population took part in a sporting or other physical activity in the last 12 months. Participation is highest among teenagers, and then decreases with age.
Originally published as Australia among fattest nations - WHO
(http://www.news.com.au/world/tsunami-of-obesity-worldwide-study/news-story/18473238e19daedee94497e4c2f07495) (http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/health/Childhood-Obesity-A-Global-Tsunami-Or-Time-Bomb-230038

Childhood Obesity Tsunami
You don't have to be an epidemiologist to know that America's children have a weight problem. In the classroom and on the playground, across socioeconomic and racial groups, kids have been getting heavier over the past three decades. But a new study published in this week's Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) shows some evidence that the childhood obesity "epidemic" may finally be leveling off. Researchers led by Cynthia Ogden of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) analyzed survey data gathered between 1999 and 2006, and found that the prevalence of overweight and obesity among American schoolchildren has plateaued at about 32%. After years of rapid increase — the percentage of 6- to 11-year-olds classified as obese rose from 6.5% in 1980 to 16.3% in 2002 — that sounds like good news. "We can be cautiously optimistic that it seems to be leveling off in recent years," says Ogden.
Ogden wouldn't speculate as to why national childhood overweight trends appear to have stalled. It could be that kids have hit the fat ceiling — they've gotten as heavy as they're ever going to get. Or, perhaps the most obvious answer is the nationwide effort to combat obesity by getting kids — and parents — to eat better and exercise more. From Arkansas, where state officials have begun sending annual childhood health reports to parents, to Massachusetts, where the town of Somerville launched a community-wide intervention to improve the diet and fitness of children, state and local governments have recognized and begun addressing childhood obesity. Last year the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation pledged $500 million over five years to fight the epidemic, with the aim of halting the rise in childhood obesity by 2012. It's obvious that families and officials have begun to understand that the American environment — which promotes fattening fast food and sedentary screen-sucking — needs to be changed to save the country's children.
But it's still far from clear that it was community intervention that blunted the childhood obesity epidemic — or that indeed the problem isn't still getting worse. Ogden admits that more time and data are needed before we can definitively argue that America's kids have stopped getting heavier. And even though the CDC data comes from an authoritative source — the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which has been ongoing since the 1960s — calculating childhood overweight rates is an inexact science. NHANES tracks kids' body mass index (BMI), a ratio of height to weight commonly used to approximate whether a child should be classified as overweight. But BMI is far from perfect — different ethnic groups tend to carry weight differently, and the ill effects of excess body weight can arise at different BMI levels. The statistic doesn't measure, for example, how much fat a child is carrying around the middle, which seems to be the best indicator for the negative health risks due to overweight. So, kids may not have gotten heavier over the past several years, but that doesn't necessarily mean they've gotten healthier.
Even if the childhood obesity epidemic has truly peaked, the levels remain frighteningly high. A country in which more than 30% of children are overweight is not a healthy one. Already pediatricians are diagnosing type 2 diabetes — what used to be known as adult-onset diabetes — in heavy children. And studies show that childhood obesity is significantly associated with heart disease in adulthood. The consequences for the country's already overburdened health care system — not to mention the lives of overweight and obese kids — could be catastrophic. Even if recent interventions have managed to stop the rise in childhood obesity, saving the most at-risk groups — especially poor minorities — could require far more time, money and energy. Obesity experts see few other options. As an editorial accompanying the JAMA paper concludes: "without substantial declines in prevalence, the public health toll of childhood obesity will continue to mount."
"The childhood obesity epidemic is a tsunami," says David Ludwig, an obesity researcher at Children's Hospital Boston and the co-author of the editorial. "We're beginning to see the wave hitting the shore."

One in Four People Worldwide Have Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - As the global obesity epidemic continues to fuel development of metabolic disorders, the clinical and economic burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its more severe form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), will become "enormous," researchers warn in a new paper.
"People with NASH are going on to have cirrhosis and liver-related cancers, creating an immense clinical and economic burden," Dr. Zobair M. Younossi, of Inova Health System in Falls Church, Virginia, told Reuters Health in a telephone interview. This burden is expected to grow astronomically.
In a meta-analysis, published online February 22 in Hepatology, Dr. Younossi and colleagues reviewed several databases worldwide for papers published between 1989 and 2015 that addressed the epidemiology and progression of NAFLD and NASH.
They excluded papers that exclusively recruited the morbidly obese, children, or people with diabetes. All studies that did not report results on screening for alcohol consumption were also excluded, as were papers with patients with hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus. Histological diagnosis through liver biopsy was used to establish NASH.
The initial search pulled 729 papers, and 86 were included in the analysis. Altogether more than 8.5 million patients were included in the analysis, with more than 8 million patients from North America, 265,510 from Asia, 230,685 from Europe, 250 from Africa, 1,592 from the Middle East, 424 from South America, and 42 from Oceania.
NAFLD prevalence pooled worldwide, diagnosed through imaging, was calculated to be 25.24%. Prevalence was highest in the Middle East and South America, and Africa had the lowest prevalence.
"In the Middle East and South America, these diseases go unrecognized," Dr. Younossi told Reuters Health.
NAFLD incidence, available only for Asia (China and Japan) and Israel, came to 52.34 per 1,000 person years for Asia and 28.01 per 1,000 for Israel.
Pooled overall NASH prevalence among biopsied NAFLD patients came to 59.10%. By region, prevalence came to 64.45% for Asia, 69.25% for Europe, and 60.64% for North America.
The most common medical comorbidities identified in the meta-analysis were obesity (51.34% NAFLD and NASH), type 2 diabetes (22.51% NAFLD, 43.63% NASH), hyperlipidemia (69.16% NAFLD, 72.13% NASH), hypertension (39.34% NAFLD, 67.97% NASH), and metabolic syndrome (42.54% NAFLD, 70.65% NASH).
Hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in the NAFLD group was estimated at 0.44 per 1,000 person-years and for NASH 5.29 per 1,000. Liver-specific mortality rates for NAFLD came to 0.77 per 1,000, and 15.44 per 1,000 person years for NASH.
Dr. Younossi said that "like cardiovascular disease and other fields, comorbidities like obesity as it affects the liver have to become a major target of public health programs. For NASH, a tremendous effort of drug development is under way." He anticipates that within the next five years, new drugs will be available.
Dr. Kathleen Viveiros, director of hepatology, Tufts New England Medical Center, Boston, told Reuters Health in a phone interview, "Everyone knows obesity is a problem. It needs to be targeted in a medical visit and patients need to be encouraged to lose weight. Even a 5% weight loss can be enough, but we should aim for at least a 10% decrease in weight to reduce risk for metabolic syndrome."
"Encouraging lifestyle changes is crucial for empowering patients, so that they can make choices about food choices and exercise." As for advances in the field of diagnosis and treatment, Dr. Viveiros also pointed to the new drugs in the pipeline. One shortfall, however, is "there still needs to be noninvasive imaging for diagnosis," she said.
This research was supported by the Beatty Liver and Obesity Research Fund and Liver Outcomes Research Fund, Inova Health System, and Gilead Sciences to the Center for Outcomes Research, Washington D.C. Dr. Younossi reported that he consults for Gilead and Intercept and advises Bristol-Myers Squibb and AbbVie.
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/860073

New Studies Highlight Increasing Global Prevalence of NAFLD/NASH and Its Considerable Toll
Editor's Note: Several related themes with high relevance to the prevalence, risk factors, outcomes, and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) emerged at The Liver Meeting®, the 2016 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. What follows is an overview of some of those studies that seemed particularly important to advancing our understanding of these debilitating conditions.
Prevalence of NAFLD/NASH
In parallel with the obesity epidemic, the prevalence of fatty liver in all age groups has increased since the late 1980s to become one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease. An emerging concern is the apparent onset of significant NASH in early life, thereby planting the roots of chronic disease. Two presentations at The Liver Meeting emphasized this issue.
The prevalence of aggressive forms of NASH and advanced fibrosis in adolescents was estimated by Selvakumar and colleagues,[1] who examined data from 8539 participants enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in three time periods. NASH could not be diagnosed specifically, given the absence of a liver biopsy, so the investigators relied on a noninvasive predictive model based on readily available validated measures (cholesterol, total bilirubin, and waist circumference). The investigators found a significant, stepwise increase in the prevalence of both NAFLD and NASH from 3.3% and 0.74%, respectively, in the 1988-1994 period, to 8.8% and 3.1% in 1999-2004 and 10.1% and 3.4% in 2005-2010. Increasing trends in the prevalence of NASH were observed among all ethnic subgroups and both sexes. On multivariable analysis, older age, male gender, ethnicity (Mexican American), and body mass index (BMI) percentile were found to be associated with the highest odds of having NASH. The prevalence of NASH in the 2005-2010 period was highest among Mexican American adolescents (15.4%). As expected, the prevalence of advanced fibrosis was low in this age group (0.20% in the later period), with the highest prevalence noted in Mexican American adolescents (1.4%).
Alqahtani and colleagues[2] estimated the increasing prevalence of NASH in obese children and adolescents in a prospective study, which included an assessment of liver biopsy samples obtained from 296 participants who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity. They found that 56% had NASH, 37% had clinically significant fibrosis, and 87% had portal inflammation. They also identified noninvasive measures of significant disease, including serum levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL), triglycerides, glycated hemoglobin (A1c), and alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), and found that systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were predictive of fibrosis, and that HDL, A1c, alkaline phosphatase, ALT, and aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) levels were predictive of NASH.
The data from these two studies serve as a wake-up call to the depth and potential impact of the increasing public health burden associated with early-onset NAFLD/NASH. This should be a strong signal to clinicians to enhance their efforts to prevent obesity, to screen for fatty liver in young persons, especially among high-risk populations, and to recommend healthy diet habits and weight loss. These efforts will hopefully interrupt the cascade of obesity-related disease and prevent progression of fatty liver disease.
Screening for NAFLD is now recommended for all obese or overweight children with additional risk factors, according to recently released clinical practice guidelines developed by the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition[3] and endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics. These guidelines also outline recommendations for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care of children and adolescents with NAFLD.
For Details: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/874356

Changing Trends in Liver Transplant Indications
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is declining while nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) are increasing as indications for liver transplant, according to U.S. data.
"The decrease in HCV among patients with chronic liver failure (aka decompensated cirrhosis) was striking and likely reflects the positive consequences of more efficacious and safe therapies for HCV," said Dr. David Goldberg from Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
"However, the continued prevalence of HCV among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the broader population, as well as the transplant waitlist, demonstrates the continued risk of HCC in patients with HCV cirrhosis, even after their HCV is cured," he told Reuters Health by email.
For the last 20 years, HCV has been the most common indication for liver transplantation in North America and Western Europe, Dr. Goldberg and colleagues note in Gastroenterology, online January 13. With the improved treatment of HCV infection, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has emerged as an important indication for liver transplantation, they add.
The team used data from the National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Survey (NHANES), the HealthCore Integrated Research Database (HIRD) of commercially insured patients, and the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network/United Network for Organ Sharing to evaluate temporal trends in the burden of liver disease in the U.S.
Between 2006 and 2014, among patients with compensated cirrhosis, there were decreases in the percentages with HCV and ALD and increases in the percentage with NASH.
During the same interval, HCV and ALD decreased as causes of chronic liver failure, while NASH nearly tripled in percentage, passing HCV as the leading cause of chronic liver failure in 2014.
Among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), there were decreases in the percentage with HCV and ALD and a small increase with NASH.
Liver transplant waitlist data followed a similar pattern. The percentage of patients with chronic liver failure caused by HCV was stable between 2004 and 2012 and dropped precipitously over the next three calendar years. This was accompanied by a progressive, continued increase in the percentage of patients with ALD and NASH.
Between 2002 and 2014, the absolute number of patients added to waitlists for HCC increased dramatically for patients with HCV, but only modestly for other causes of liver disease.
According to Medicare data, the number of prescriptions for direct-acting antiviral agents against HCV increased by a factor of five between 2013 and 2015, the period during which there were decreasing numbers of patients waitlisted and transplanted for chronic liver failure in the setting of HCV.
"The rise in waitlistings and transplants in patients with NASH and alcoholic liver disease requires better risk stratification of patients with NASH and concomitant medical co-morbidities (i.e., diabetes, cardiac disease) and alcoholic liver disease at risk for alcohol relapses," Dr. Goldberg said.
"Despite the decreased prevalence of cirrhosis due to HCV, and the lower rates of waitlisting for chronic liver failure due to HCV, there still are millions of infected patients," he said. "There is a continued need to broadly employ birth-cohort screening to identify patients with HCV, and to strengthen linkage-of-care to treat patients before cirrhosis develops, or in those with cirrhosis, treat prior to liver decompensation."
For Details: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/874813

National Crime Record Bureau
NEW DELHI: Indian roads, which account for the highest fatalities in the world, became yet more dangerous in 2015 with the number of deaths rising nearly 5% to 1.46 lakh. This translates to 400 deaths a day or one life snuffed out every 3.6 minutes, in what an expert described as a "daily massacre on our roads".
The number comes as a wake-up call for the government, whose minister Nitin Gadkari has set a goal of reducing road fatalities by 50% by 2020.
According to provisional police data provided by states, Uttar Pradesh recorded the maximum number of road deaths (17,666), followed by Tamil Nadu (15,642), Maharashtra (13,212), Karnataka (10,856) and Rajasthan (10,510).
While the number of road fatalities increased in all big states, 10 smaller ones and UTs, including Delhi and Chandigarh, reported a decline. Assam registered the sharpest decline of 115 deaths in 2015 in comparison to the previous year, while fatalities dipped by 49 in Delhi.
The increasing number of fatalities and road crashes - up from 4.89 lakh in 2014 to over five lakh in 2015 - indicated how a slew of initiatives taken by the Centre and state governments for road safety had had little impact. The Supreme Court appointed panel on road safety has written to state governments to step up efforts to curb crashes and fatalities.
Nearly one lakh, forty nine thousand people were killed in road accidents in India in 2015, a 5.1 per cent increase in total accident fatalities in India from 2014. The latest report of the National Crime Records Bureau or NCRB has revealed that, on an average, 17 people were killed in road accidents each and every hour in 2015
For Details: http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/400-road-deaths-per-day-in-India-up-5-to-1-46-lakh-in-2015/articleshow/51919213.cms
See Video: http://www.ndtv.com/video/news/news/india-s-horrific-road-accident-statistics-just-got-worse-444695

ADSI 2015

1: More than 99% of the Liver & Kidney Transplant in Northern India are live related and associated with the following risk to the otherwise healthy donor.

• Definite morbidity, sometime serious like development of Biliary-hepatic Vein Fistula in a Living Donor Liver Candidate.
  (http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/873466)
• Majority of the donors are females - Reason?
• In future there may not be healthy donor to give his or her Organs. Please see above.
• Post donation psychiatric issues.
• Prolonged post-op stay, infection, hernia e.t.c.
• Definite but remote possibility of donor death - Unacceptable

2: The conversion rate of brain death donor for Organ Transplatation is around 0.05% in Northern India. If this conversion increases to around 2% or more there may not be shortage of Organs for patients with end-staged Organ Failure.

• Why live related Transplant is the rule?? rather than exception in Northern India - Is this a Corporate effect?
• By increasing the conversion rate of brain dead patients for Organ Donation, may end up Organ Trading/Trafficing. What has been shown, published regarding this is just a tip of an ice-berg.